Steel structure building installation technology and quality control

With the continuous improvement of the concept of environmental protection and sustainable development in the construction industry, more and more buildings choose to use low-cost, recyclable steel structure for building construction, and in the construction process, steel structure can be completed within a short period of time, with a very strong seismic effect, so it is more and more respected in the field of construction. The construction quality problem of steel structure has gradually emerged with the increase of the use of this technology, and has become the most concerned problem in the construction field. Especially in the construction and quality control of high-rise buildings, the quality control of steel structure construction is particularly critical, which needs to be paid attention to and improved in the construction process.
The most important reason why steel structure is respected by the construction industry is the uniformity of its material. Due to the uniform material of the steel structure, once subjected to external force, its fluctuation range is small, with very high elasticity and endurance, which is the most important characteristics of building construction, and different types of steel structure materials can meet different material selection needs, so that the steel structure can achieve better application effects, as a safer building material used in the construction of the building.
Another advantage of steel structure is that the plasticity and toughness of steel materials are higher than other materials, and under general pressure, the probability of fracture and damage of steel structure materials is lowest, which is also a key requirement in the construction and use of buildings. After the application of steel structure in the construction of the building, it can transmit the force received to the various parts of the building, so that the overall stress of the building reaches a state of balance, thus greatly reducing the probability of damage to the building. The main raw material of steel structure material is steel, this material itself has a very high load-bearing and pressure capacity, even in the event of high-intensity natural disasters such as earthquakes, it can maintain the integrity of the building and avoid the damage and collapse of the building due to the earthquake, that is to say, the steel structure has an incomparable earthquake resistance of other materials.
The higher density of the steel structure makes the steel structure material, although it has a smaller volume and weight, but it is not weakened in strength. Compared with the concrete structure, the vertical section of the steel structure is smaller, which makes the use area of the building inside the building higher. In the construction process of high-rise buildings, the building volume and weight of the steel structure are lighter than that of the reinforced concrete, and the resistance to earthquakes and other disasters is stronger, which has the advantages of high use area, low construction cost and low weight.
The single-layer steel structure installation technology mainly includes two parts: component lifting and template room installation. When lifting components, the installation scheme should be designed and screened, and the most optimized installation scheme should be adopted for installation. The installation should be carried out according to the lifting sequence, and the vertical components should be installed first and then installed in sequence. The installation efficiency can be greatly improved after the installation by pipelined operation. After the vertical component is installed and fixed, the lateral construction is installed. This installation method can effectively reduce the length of accumulated errors in the process of building installation.
The main content of the installation of the standard room is the installation of steel columns, shelving, etc., the steel column needs to be supported between the columns, and eventually formed the shelving, after the shelving installation, the overall structure of the standard room can be stable and firm, the construction process to ensure that the installation error is within the allowable range, and finally the overall installation error detection.
Multi-storey and high-rise steel structures must go through more detailed planning before installation. In the planning process, it is necessary to carry out the overall design of the drainage system, the erection position of the crane, the mechanical route, the horizontal and vertical dimensions and the position of the components in the construction process. If the above content cannot be taken into account during the construction process, the materials need to be stacked in the transit site.
In addition to detailed planning, the vertical component installation should be carried out when the multi-storey or high-rise steel structure is installed, and the vertical component production of the multi-storey or high-rise steel structure uses the highest 4 layers for a section. In the lifting process, it is necessary to distinguish according to the stability of the tower crane and the quality of the steel itself. In the construction process of vertical components, the construction of the frame is carried out first, and the stability of the frame is ensured. And four weeks of construction after the framework is completed. Flow operation should be adopted in the construction process to improve the construction efficiency.
In addition, in the process of high-rise or multi-layer steel structure installation, as little as possible to use high-altitude work, reduce lifting and lifting engineering is the key to ensure the installation effect of steel structure, due to the installation characteristics of steel structure, in the lifting, the need for a molding. The installation sequence of vertical component is different from that of horizontal component. The installation sequence of vertical component is bottom-up, while the installation sequence of horizontal component is centered around. Design and installation in strict accordance with relevant regulations.
The quality assurance of steel structure building installation process should start from the quality assurance of construction materials, the quality of building materials is the basis for ensuring the installation effect of steel structure, and the quality management of construction materials can not only improve the construction quality of the building, but also help to reduce construction costs and improve the economic benefits of the building. If the construction enterprise in order to save costs, reduce the purchase demand of steel, the use of fake and shoddy building materials for construction, there will be many problems in the construction process, resulting in obstacles in the construction of the building, delay the construction period or even can not complete the construction of the building. Although some enterprises have barely completed the construction of the building, there are huge security risks in the later use process, and even cause property losses and casualties. It can be seen that the management of construction materials is very important and is the basis for ensuring the quality of building construction. If enterprises want to reduce costs, they can reduce costs in the process of material use, purchase and transportation, so as to reduce the cost of construction and improve economic efficiency.
Material management is the foundation of the whole construction management, and talent management is the necessary means of the whole management. In the construction process, even if there are high-quality building materials, there is no highly skilled construction personnel, it is impossible to complete the construction work efficiently and with high quality. Therefore, enterprises should fully realize the importance of personnel training and management, actively carry out personnel training, and train the construction personnel of enterprises, so as to improve the technical ability of construction personnel. At present, many construction enterprises do not have their own construction personnel, but contract the project to another construction enterprise through secondary contracting. Some secondary contracting construction enterprises are often only some construction teams composed of migrant workers, there are no technicians in the construction team, and the workers in the team do not have relevant skills, and even they are free and loose in the construction process, and they do not pay enough attention to management. Personnel management has become a paper of empty talk, for this reason, it is necessary to conduct certain training and guidance for the secondary contracting team, and management training for the workers in the team, so that they can effectively obey the management, so as to improve the quality of management.
After ensuring the quality of building materials and the technical ability of construction personnel, the quality control and quality acceptance in the construction process are the last step to ensure the installation quality of steel structure buildings. During the quality acceptance, the acceptance of steel machine structural parts should be carried out. During the installation process, attention should be paid to the installation quality of beams, columns and other basic structures. After installation, the installation position and verticality are accepted to check whether the installation position is offset, and the verticality of the beam and column after installation is inspected by the instrument, and then the construction of the next content is carried out after the inspection is passed. In addition, during the inspection process, attention should also be paid to whether the bolt is tightened, whether the position of the bolt is reasonable, whether it will have an impact on other structures of the building, etc. If the bolt is loose, it will directly affect the construction quality of the entire building and affect the use effect of the building. The flatness and edge gap of the bolt have clear provisions, and the edge gap should be 0.8mm. Among them, high-strength bolts can not be installed by punching, tapping, etc., while ordinary bolts can not be padded with more gaskets, and these wrong construction methods will affect the quality of steel structure installation. In the process of building construction, when lifting operations are required, the installation fastness of the lifted components should also be tested to avoid loosening and falling off of the components during lifting operations due to insufficient fastness, and to avoid the occurrence of safety accidents during construction.
Steel structure is currently a highly respected building structure in the world, which has the advantages of improving the use space of buildings, reducing the overall weight of construction, and improving the earthquake resistance of buildings. The application of its construction technology in different types of buildings is also different, especially in the construction process of super high-rise, high-rise and multi-storey buildings, the technology of steel structure is more complex, and more content needs to be planned and studied. The current development trend of the world’s buildings is to carry out the construction of super high-rise, high-rise, multi-storey buildings, and has been committed to improving the construction quality and safety of super high-rise, high-rise, multi-storey buildings. Steel structure can effectively meet the needs of current building development, but the current steel structure construction process, due to material quality problems, construction technology problems and quality acceptance problems, the quality of steel structure construction has been greatly affected, in order to improve the installation quality of steel structure building, reasonable control and improvement of the above problems has great significance. Through efficient quality control, it can effectively improve the safety of steel structure buildings, and provide valuable advice for the safety and quality control of China’s construction field in the future.