Thoughts on the advantages of steel structure and the design ideas of building steel structure

In recent years, the construction industry is booming, steel structure space frame due to light weight, high material strength, good plasticity and other advantages, gradually promoted in the construction industry application, and the application of this new material and structure, in line with the current national housing industrialization development requirements, can effectively improve the level of urban construction. Analyze the advantages of steel structure space frame, especially the application advantages of steel structure space frame in construction projects, introduce steel structure space frame in building construction, accurately analyze the needs of steel structure space frame design, clarify the design principles of steel structure space frame, clarify its design ideas, pay attention to the problems existing in the design of steel structure space frame, which is conducive to the promotion and application of steel structure space frame in the construction industry. It is helpful to improve the design and construction system of steel structure space frame architecture.

The update of the architectural form is generally derived from the research and development and application of new building materials. The raw material of the steel structure space frame is the steel plate commonly used in construction projects, and the structure is mainly made of hot-rolled steel and thin-wall steel. Compared with the materials commonly used in previous construction projects, the advantages are significant as follows:

1). The material has high strength, good plasticity and toughness In construction engineering, commonly used building materials are wood, masonry materials, concrete materials and steel structure space frame, in comparison, steel structure space frame material strength is higher, the current building construction scale is gradually expanded, the need to use some large span, high load components or structures, steel structure space frame just to meet this demand. The strength of the steel structure space frame is relatively high, the component made of steel is small in section, the structure is relatively thin, and it can also withstand large loads to ensure the stability of the building structure. At the same time, due to the good plasticity of the steel structure space frame, even if the load carried by the structure exceeds the established range, there will be no fracture, coupled with the good toughness of the steel structure space frame, strong adaptability to the dynamic load, with strong breathing capacity and ductility, seismic performance can be optimized, which is also in line with the current trend of seismic performance requirements for building projects.

2) The steel structure space frame material is relatively uniform construction engineering design needs to meet the assumptions of mechanical calculation, and the steel structure space frame material is relatively uniform, within a certain stress range, the internal structure of the steel can achieve complete elasticity, and the compatibility with the mechanical calculation assumptions is high. Moreover, the current steel smelting and rolling technology is constantly updated, and the technical level is constantly improved, which can realize the effective control of steel quality and minimize the fluctuation range of steel structure space frame material.

3) The manufacture of steel structure space frame is simple, and the construction period is not long The raw materials used in the building steel structure space frame are fabricated, the processing and manufacturing procedure is simple, and the current steel structure space frame processing has realized mechanization, if the steel structure space frame production is relatively large, it will also be processed in a professional mechanized metal structure factory, which can ensure the processing accuracy of the steel structure space frame. In the construction of steel structure space frame construction, bolt connection components can be directly applied, and welding and assembly can also be directly carried out on the ground, forming large unit components, hoisting to the design position, and the construction efficiency is relatively high, which can effectively shorten the construction period, reduce the cost of construction engineering construction investment, and improve the economic benefits of project construction.

4) In many building materials, the density of steel is not small, slightly greater than concrete and other raw materials, but because of its relatively high strength, so in the case of bearing the same role, its weight is relatively light. Light weight means the convenience of transportation, in some remote and inconvenient areas, the use of steel structure space frame construction, has obvious advantages. In addition, the current construction project scale is large, there are a lot of large span or complex geometric structures in architectural design, light weight, high strength steel structure space frame, has been widely used.

1. Design process In order to optimize the performance of steel structure space frame construction, the design scheme should be improved and the design should be carried out in strict accordance with the standard process, as follows :1. Before the design of building steel structure space frame, we should comprehensively investigate the construction project information, understand the engineering construction requirements, and measure whether it is suitable for the application of steel structure space frame materials, so as to prevent the subsequent need to replace building materials, or even rework, and increase the construction cost; ② Steel structure space frame selection and arrangement. Steel structure space frame processing is not difficult, splicing installation is relatively simple, its theory and technical system are gradually improving, but the design work is more complex, need to take into account the requirements of construction engineering, select the appropriate steel structure space frame, optimize the overall layout of the structure, taking into account the stability of steel structure space frame and related components, in the design of the plane system, should control the plane The stability of the structure should be prevented from plane instability. At the same time, the necessary supporting members should be designed based on the overall layout of the structure. The structure layout should be consistent with the plane stability calculation, and the structural calculation diagram should be consistent with the practical application calculation method diagram, so as to effectively ensure the stability of the building steel structure space frame. ③ Estimate the cross-section of the steel structure space frame. After the steel structure space frame layout scheme is determined, the shape of the steel structure space frame and the section size of the beam and column can be estimated. Different types of building structures have different requirements in the section structure, and the section design needs to be carried out in strict accordance with the standard. The section shape design is relatively free, which can enrich the architectural art design and improve its aesthetics. (4) The linear elasticity of steel structure space frame is analyzed. In the design of building steel structure space frame, it is necessary to analyze the linear elasticity of steel structure space frame. Simple classic steel structure space frame can be analyzed by consulting data and manually calculating. For complex steel structure space frame, accurate analysis can be carried out with the help of computer software. ⑤ Use structural software to judge the project. After the design scheme of the building steel structure space frame is determined, it is necessary to apply structural software to evaluate the project, judge the practicability of the design scheme, ensure that the steel structure space frame design meets the requirements of “applicable structure, concept and conditions”, and ensure the stability and safety of the structure. ⑥ Design the nodes and components of the structure. In the design of building steel structure space frame, the form design of structural nodes is the main part, and the design details should be optimized to ensure that the design nodes are consistent with the model nodes. In the component design, the structural materials should be optimized and the structural section design optimized. ⑦ Preparation of steel structure space frame drawings. According to the design scheme, the preparation of construction detail drawing and steel structure space frame design drawing, which is a big challenge for cartographers, because the current distinction between the two drawings in our country, there are certain problems, it is best to refer to professional books to ensure the correctness of drawing preparation. Problems that should be noted in the design: 1. Structure layout should comply with regular requirements With the gradual promotion of steel structure space frame in construction projects, the type of steel structure space frame housing increases, which can be divided into two categories: multi-storey steel structure space frame housing and low-rise steel structure space frame housing, among which, multi-storey steel structure space frame housing is mostly apartments, while low-rise steel structure space frame housing is mostly used in villas, and the number of layers does not exceed 3. Multi-layer steel structure space frame housing design difficulty is relatively large, not less than 9 layers of steel structure space frame housing for high-rise,12 layers of steel structure space frame housing for small high-rise, in accordance with the provisions of the seismic code GB50011,12 floors is the boundary of the seismic requirements of the house, generally speaking, it is not recommended that steel structure space frame housing more than 12 floors. The seismic design requirements of steel structure space frame housing are high, and designers need to arrange steel structure space frame according to the seismic performance requirements of the building, carry out elastic design and elastic-plastic interlayer displacement test to ensure the regularity of the structure layout, otherwise, once faced with an earthquake, the residential structure is easy to be destroyed. 2. Appropriate adjustment of the supporting shear wall configuration According to the requirements, the plane layout stress of the building steel structure space frame must be regular and symmetrical, therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the rules of the steel structure space frame layout. At present, in the design of building steel structure space frame, there is a common problem of irregular plane, the building plane shape is L-shaped, and the supporting shear wall is unbalanced. These problems will actually affect the stability of the structure, and designers need to adjust the supporting shear wall configuration appropriately according to the actual situation.

To sum up, with the continuous advancement of urbanization construction, the continuous expansion of construction scale and innovative building forms are conducive to promoting the sustainable development of the construction industry. For enterprises, they should adapt to the changes in the development trend of the construction industry, introduce new building materials and processes in a timely manner, and occupy the forefront position of the industry. Steel structure space frame is currently widely used in the construction industry, in the initial rise of steel structure space frame housing stage, steel structure space frame steel most imported from abroad, in the domestic completion of steel structure space frame manufacturing, installation, with the development of science and technology, China’s steel production continues to increase, steel structure space frame construction used in the steel to achieve independent production, which means that steel structure space frame construction in China The application rate in the project will continue to increase, in this industry situation, construction enterprises must correctly recognize the advantages of steel structure space frame, gradually improve the steel structure space frame building design standards, improve the level of building design, improve the steel structure space frame building construction management mechanism, and improve the steel structure space frame building construction level.